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Khlong Phanom National Park, Surat Thani
Khlong Phanom National Park is a lush rainforest nestled along the limestone mountain range in western Surat Thani province. Lying between Khao Sok National Park and Cheow Lan Lake, the landscape is dominated by steep limestone peaks, deep valleys, evergreen forest, clear streams and tranquil waterfalls. It is an ideal destination for travellers who love truly wild nature and prefer quieter, less crowded places.
Park Overview
History of the National Park
Originally, the Khlong Phanom area formed part of a continuous block of rainforest in southern Thailand, characterised by rugged limestone mountains and numerous small streams. For many years, the region was used for logging and agriculture. However, surveys revealed its importance as a major headwater area for the Tapi River basin and a refuge for rare wildlife, prompting government agencies to seek stronger protection.
Following extensive assessments of forest resources, wildlife and watersheds, the area was designated as “Khlong Phanom National Park” in 2000. The park was created to conserve its evergreen forest, unique limestone ecosystem and to prevent further encroachment and degradation of this valuable landscape.
Size and Conservation Significance
Khlong Phanom National Park covers roughly 400–410 square kilometres. More than 80% of the area consists of steep limestone mountains and hills, blanketed by dense evergreen forest. This forest acts as a natural “sponge”, absorbing and slowly releasing water throughout the year.
The park is the headwater source for several important streams, including Khlong Sok, Khlong Saeng and Khlong Phanom, which collectively feed into the Tapi River. These waters are vital for agriculture, domestic use and freshwater ecosystems in Surat Thani province.
The intact forest also supports a range of rare and endangered species, such as wild elephants, Malayan tapir, serow and several hornbill species, underlining the park’s conservation value.
Role of the Park for Local Communities & the Tapi River Basin
Beyond its ecological functions, Khlong Phanom plays a crucial role for surrounding communities. The park’s headwater forests help regulate stream flow, reducing flood and landslide risks during the rainy season and ensuring reliable water supplies for agriculture and daily use during drier months.
From a socio-economic perspective, the park supports local livelihoods through eco-tourism. Community members can earn income as trekking guides, boat operators, homestay hosts, restaurant owners and providers of various tourism services. When managed responsibly, this income helps to strengthen local economies and encourages communities to actively participate in forest protection.
Location & Boundaries
Park Headquarters
Khlong Phanom National Park is located in Phanom District, Surat Thani Province, covering parts of Khlong Sok, Phanom and Phlu Thuean subdistricts.
The park headquarters sit just off Highway 401 (Surat Thani – Takua Pa), around kilometre 90 from Surat Thani town. Travellers driving along Highway 401 will see signs for “Khlong Phanom National Park”. A short turn off the main road leads directly to the park entrance and headquarters within a few hundred metres.
Boundaries: North, South, East & West
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North: The park borders Khao Sok National Park, with Highway 401 forming a clear dividing line. Travellers heading to Khao Sok or Cheow Lan Lake can see Khlong Phanom’s limestone cliffs rising along one side of the road.
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South: The southern boundary links with the broader Phuket mountain range and forest areas extending towards Phang Nga Province, forming part of a larger protected landscape where wildlife can move between forest blocks.
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East: The eastern flank borders agricultural land and villages in Phanom District. Streams originating in the park flow out to these lowland areas, supporting fruit orchards, rubber plantations and local communities.
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West: The western side is dominated by steep limestone ridges and deep valleys. The terrain here is rugged and relatively inaccessible, creating a quiet refuge for sensitive wildlife species.
Watersheds & General Landscape
Khlong Phanom forms a key part of the Tapi River watershed. Numerous small streams arise from its forested slopes, merging into larger waterways such as Khlong Sok, Khlong Saeng and Khlong Phanom before eventually joining the Tapi River. The intact forest cover helps maintain water quality and reduces sediment run-off into downstream rivers.
The park’s landscape is dominated by steep limestone mountains, vertical cliffs and dramatic rock formations interspersed with hilly terrain and small valley floors. This rugged topography gives rise to caves, waterfalls, gorges and natural pools throughout the area, creating a highly varied and scenic environment.
Landscape & Climate
Limestone Mountains & Valleys
The most striking feature of Khlong Phanom is its towering limestone mountains, which form long ridges with sheer cliffs that can rise hundreds of metres. Over time, erosion has carved intricate patterns and unusual shapes into the rock faces. Dense evergreen forest blankets the lower slopes and valley floors, so that everywhere you look, you see layers of green and rugged peaks.
Between these limestone ridges lie narrow valleys where streams flow year-round. In some places, water has cut through the rock to form gorges and cave passages. Hikers and paddlers travelling along these waterways are treated to spectacular views of cliffs rising directly above them on both sides.
Caves, Waterfalls & Streams
Because limestone erodes easily, Khlong Phanom is rich in caves of many types, including dry caves, river caves and caves with underground streams. Well-known examples include Kaew Cave and Nam Lod Khao Wong Cave, while others are hidden deeper in the forest and can only be reached by longer treks. These features make the park an excellent destination for guided adventure caving.
The park also contains numerous waterfalls, such as Ton Sai, Ton Yai and Khao Wong waterfalls, scattered throughout its valleys. Most streams run clear throughout the year, with higher flows during the rainy season. Some sections are ideal for swimming, while others are perfect for scenic canoe or kayak trips.
Climate & Best Time to Visit
Khlong Phanom has a humid tropical rainforest climate, with relatively high rainfall spread across most of the year. Temperatures are generally warm to hot, but inside the forest it feels cooler and more humid than in open areas.
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Rainy season: Typically from May to December, when streams and waterfalls are at their fullest and the forest is at its greenest. However, some trails may be closed or access restricted for safety during periods of heavy rain.
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Late rainy to early dry season: Roughly from January to April, this is often the most comfortable time for trekking and cave exploration. The forest remains moist and cool, skies tend to be clearer, offering good mountain views, and Rafflesia flowers can often be seen in certain areas.
Visitors can enjoy the park year-round, but it is wise to check weather conditions and any park notices in advance, especially during peak monsoon periods.
Why Visit Khlong Phanom?
What Makes It Different from Khao Sok & Cheow Lan Lake
Although Khlong Phanom sits close to Khao Sok National Park and Cheow Lan Lake, it offers a noticeably different experience. Khao Sok and the lake are popular destinations with many facilities and a wide range of activities, while Khlong Phanom remains much quieter and less visited.
The advantage of Khlong Phanom is the opportunity to experience pristine rainforest, limestone mountains, caves, waterfalls and streams in a more natural, low-key setting. It particularly appeals to those who enjoy trekking, spending time in the forest and listening to the sounds of nature rather than focusing mainly on lake-based activities.
Untouched & Less Crowded
Khlong Phanom is often seen as the “quiet neighbour” of Khao Sok. Many of its trails and caves retain a rugged, natural feel, and visitor numbers are relatively low. This means you can walk through the forest, listen to birds and flowing water, and truly feel immersed in nature without large crowds around you.
For travellers seeking a break from busy cities or wanting a genuine forest experience without big tour groups, Khlong Phanom is one of the best choices in southern Thailand.
Who Is This Park Best For?
Khlong Phanom National Park is particularly suitable for:
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Nature lovers who enjoy hiking, exploring rainforest and observing wildlife
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Photographers looking for dramatic limestone scenery, lush forest and peaceful waterfalls
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Birdwatchers hoping to spot hornbills and a variety of forest birds
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Small groups and families seeking gentle eco-adventures rather than high-intensity activities or nightlife
If you prefer spending time in the forest, listening to natural sounds, walking easy to moderate trails and discovering a quieter side of southern Thailand, Khlong Phanom is an excellent choice.